FROM CIGARETTES TO THE FUTURE: ALTERNATIVE WAYS TO ADMINISTER NICOTINE

Maksym Sikora; Michał Drabik; Jakub Nowak; Michael Platschek; Klaudia Dybalska; Julia Kosmulska; Mateusz Kęska; Anna Barbara Tuleja; Sylwia Wiktoria Kolano; Karol Józef Szkarłat

doi:10.31435/ijitss.4(48).2025.4252

Authors

Maksym Sikora The Hospital of the Brothers of St. John of God, Kraków, Poland https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4495-7732
Michał Drabik 5th Military Clinical Hospital with Polyclinic SPZOZ, Kraków, Poland https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0198-4926
Jakub Nowak Independent Public Healthcare Institution of the Ministry of the Interior and Administration in Kraków, Kraków, Poland https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7097-0635
Michael Platschek Blessed Marta Wiecka Hospital in Bochnia, Bochnia, Poland https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9085-4531
Klaudia Dybalska Brzeziny Specialist Hospital, Brzeziny, Poland https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9900-0167
Julia Kosmulska University Hospital in Wrocław (USK), Wrocław, Poland https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8770-3793
Mateusz Kęska 5th Military Clinical Hospital with Polyclinic SPZOZ, Kraków, Poland https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0712-7613
Anna Barbara Tuleja University Hospital in Wrocław (USK), Wrocław, Poland https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9185-9493
Sylwia Wiktoria Kolano Independent Public Healthcare Institution of the Ministry of the Interior and Administration in Kraków, Kraków, Poland https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1180-1135
Karol Józef Szkarłat Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Katowice, Poland https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2889-8382

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31435/ijitss.4(48).2025.4252

Keywords:

Smoking, ENDS, Vaping, HTP, Snus, Health

Abstract

Tobacco use continues to be one of the most critical public health challenges globally. The current number of active tobacco consumers hovers around 1.2 billion, with half of these individuals expected to die from tobacco-related causes. In recent years, there has been a rapid increase in alternative nicotine delivery methods, such as electronic nicotine delivery systems, heated tobacco products, and the resurgence of snus in the form of nicotine pouches. Most of these alternatives have been promoted as safer options compared to traditional smoking, aiming to encourage cessation of conventional tobacco use. Regrettably, narratives propagated by companies benefiting from these products often lead to an oversight of the health implications associated with these so-called "healthier alternatives." Nonetheless, although multiple studies have yielded diverse results, the latest data suggest that these alternatives do indeed impact health. This study aims to review accessible research, elucidate current knowledge on these products, and offer projections for future research.

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