THE HISTORICAL TRADITIONS OF ANCIENT MONGOLIAN MILITARY MUSIC

Abstract

In contemporary times, there has been a notable shift in the role and development patterns of military music. Presently, military music holds significance not only in ceremonial functions but also in the day-to-day operations of military units and organizations, soldier training, and fostering national patriotism. This evolution highlights the transformation of military music into a multifaceted tool that encompasses culture, education, and propaganda.

On the global stage, the role of military music has also evolved, with an emphasis on ceremonial activities and integration into modern army culture prevailing. However, this ceremonial culture and musical tradition are not unfamiliar to Mongolians. Throughout history, the use of military music and the involvement of musicians in Mongolian military ceremonies have held a special place, dating back to ancient times.

This study explores the historical development and importance of military music in ancient Mongolian military rituals, from the Hunnic era (3rd century BC) to the Great Mongol Empire.

It shows that military music played a vital role beyond just ceremonial purposes it was a crucial tool for military communication, psychological warfare, and uniting armed forces and civilian populations. Using archaeological findings, historical records, and comparative analysis, the research traces the evolution of military musical practices across successive nomadic empires such as the Huns, Xianbi, Turkic peoples, and Khitans. Key discoveries highlight the sophisticated use of wind, string, and percussion instruments in military settings, the formation of formal musical groups like the Hunnic “Tug Bag,” and the significance of certain instruments as symbols of state power, like the “Khashiraa Ikht Khatan Red Trumpet” in the Great Mongol Empire. The study establishes a clear link between ancient traditions and contemporary Mongolian military ceremonies, particularly in the incorporation of traditional instruments in flag ceremonies and official events. This research enhances our understanding of how military music evolved as a crucial element of nomadic state structure, military ethos, and national identity construction in ancient Mongolia.