COMPLICATIONS OF TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE IMPLANTATION
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31435/ijitss.2(50).2026.5194Keywords:
Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI), Aortic Stenosis, Procedural Complications, Conduction DisturbancesAbstract
Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has become an established and widely adopted treatment for patients with severe aortic stenosis across all surgical risk categories. Continuous technological progress, refinements in device design, and increasing operator experience have substantially improved procedural safety and expanded indications from inoperable and high-risk patients to those at intermediate and low surgical risk. Nevertheless, despite these advancements, TAVI remains associated with a broad spectrum of complications that may adversely affect both short- and long-term outcomes. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the most clinically significant complications following TAVI, including vascular, valvular, neurological, renal, bleeding, infectious, and conduction-related events. Particular attention is given to the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, patient- and procedure-related risk factors, and contemporary prevention and management strategies. Although the incidence of major vascular complications has decreased with the introduction of lower-profile delivery systems, these events remain clinically relevant, particularly in elderly patients and those with complex vascular anatomy. Conduction disturbances frequently require permanent pacemaker implantation, while stroke and silent cerebral embolization continue to represent major neurological concerns. Acute kidney injury and major bleeding significantly contribute to morbidity and mortality, and prosthetic valve endocarditis, although rare, carries a particularly poor prognosis. A thorough understanding of the mechanisms and predictors of post-TAVI complications is essential for optimizing patient selection, procedural planning, and post-procedural management. Ongoing innovations in device technology and procedural techniques remain fundamental to further improving clinical outcomes and minimizing procedural risk.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Hanna Porwolik, Radosław Szydłowski, Anna Kaźmierska, Magdalena Bodera, Sonja Rozmus, Dominik Bylica, Agata Porwolik, Patryk Cyran
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