ONCOPLASTIC BREST SURGERY IN BREST CANCER TREATMENT: POSITIVE EFFECTS ON PATIENT WELL-BEING AFTER COMBINED ONCOLOGICAL AND PLASTIC SURGICAL PROCEDURES

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31435/ijitss.3(51).2026.6353

Keywords:

Oncoplastic, Breast Cancer Treatment, Oncological Surgery, Plastic Surgery, Positive Effects Of Oncoplastic Breast Cancer Treatment, Prevention

Abstract

Oncoplastic breast surgery is a rapidly evolving field that combines oncologic surgery with plastic and reconstructive surgery. From the perspective of oncologic surgery, the primary objective is effective cancer treatment, which means achieving clear surgical margins (i.e. oncological radicality). Equally important, however, are the preservation of breast function and the achievement of a satisfactory aesthetic outcome through the integration of oncologic and plastic surgical techniques. The aesthetic result of surgical breast cancer treatment can significantly enhance the recovery process and positively influence the overall effectiveness of treatment.

The aim of this publication is to present various surgical techniques used in therapeutic breast tumor excision combined with immediate breast reconstruction, using either the patient's own tissues or breast implants, and to discuss their impact on patient satisfaction. Selecting the most appropriate treatment method is crucial and depends on numerous factors. An individualized approach to each patient , as well as the careful selection of the optimal surgical technique, are essential for achieving satisfactory outcomes. The integration of oncologic and plastic surgical techniques in breast surgery has a positive effect on patients' physical and psychological well-being following treatment. These procedures help patients cope more effectively with the challenges of cancer therapy, adapt to visible changes in their bodies, and return to their normal lives. In addition, this publication briefly discusses the prevention and diagnosis of breast diseases in women.

References

Siegel, R. L., Miller, K. D., Fuchs, H. E., & Jemal, A. (2024). Cancer statistics, 2024. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 74(1), 17–48. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21820

World Health Organization. (2024). Breast cancer. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/breast-cancer

Narodowy Portal Onkologiczny. (2025). Epidemiologia raka piersi w Polsce. https://onkologia.gov.pl/

Colditz, G. A., & Rosner, B. (2000). Cumulative risk of breast cancer to age 70 years according to risk factor status: Data from the Nurses' Health Study. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 92(3), 224–228. https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/92.3.224

Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer. (2002). Breast cancer and breastfeeding: Collaborative reanalysis of individual data from 47 epidemiological studies in 30 countries, including 50,302 women with breast cancer and 96,973 women without the disease. The Lancet, 360(9328), 187–195. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(02)09454-0

Duffy, S. W., Tabár, L., Yen, A. M.-F., Dean, P. B., Smith, R. A., Jonsson, H., Törnberg, S., Chen, H. H., & Chiu, S. Y.-H. (2020). Mammography screening reduces breast cancer mortality and advanced disease incidence: A population-based study. Radiology, 293(1), 60–66. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2019192095

Sardanelli, F., Aase, H. S., Álvarez, M., Azavedo, E., Baarslag, H. J., Balleyguier, C., Baltzer, P. A. T., et al. (2020). Position paper on screening for breast cancer by the European Society of Breast Imaging (EUSOBI) and 30 national breast radiology bodies. European Radiology, 30(12), 6643–6657. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-020-07258-2

Narodowy Instytut Onkologii. (n.d.). Informacje o programie – Program Profilaktyki Raka Piersi. Pobrano 14 czerwca 2026 z https://profilaktykaraka.nio.gov.pl/informacje-o-programie/

Ministerstwo Zdrowia. (n.d.). Program profilaktyki raka piersi (mammografia). Pobrano 14 czerwca 2026 z https://www.gov.pl/web/zdrowie/program-profilaktyki-raka-piersi-mammografia

Narodowy Fundusz Zdrowia. (n.d.). Mammobusy – Program profilaktyki raka piersi. Pobrano 14 czerwca 2026 z https://www.nfz.gov.pl/dla-pacjenta/programy-profilaktyczne/mammobusy

Mann, R. M., Kuhl, C. K., & Moy, L. (2019). Breast MRI: State of the art. Radiology, 292(3), 520–536. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2019182947

Waks, A. G., & Winer, E. P. (2019). Breast cancer treatment: A review. The New England Journal of Medicine, 381(3), 288–300. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra1806940

European Society for Medical Oncology. (2023). Early breast cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines. https://www.esmo.org/guidelines/breast-cancer

National Comprehensive Cancer Network. (2025). NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology: Breast Cancer (Version 3.2025). https://www.nccn.org/guidelines/guidelines-detail?category=1&id=1419

Polskie Towarzystwo Onkologiczne. (2023). Rak piersi – zalecenia diagnostyczno-terapeutyczne. https://www.pto.med.pl

World Health Organization. (2023). Breast cancer. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/breast-cancer

Harbeck, N., Penault-Llorca, F., Cortés, J., Gnant, M., Houssami, N., Poortmans, P., Ruddy, K., Tsang, J., & Cardoso, F. (2019). Breast cancer. The Lancet, 393(10185), 1134–1150. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31891-8

Fischer, J. P., Nelson, J. A., Kovach, S. J., Serletti, J. M., & Wu, L. C. (2014). Impact of breast reconstruction on quality of life. Annals of Plastic Surgery, 72(6), 633–641. https://doi.org/10.1097/SAP.0b013e318268a6c0

Wignarajah, P., Malata, C. M., & Benson, J. R. (2023). Oncoplastic and reconstructive breast surgery. Frontiers in Oncology, 13, Article 1176915. https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2023.1176915

Chu, C. K., Hanson, S. E., Hwang, R. F., & Wu, L. C. (2021). Oncoplastic partial breast reconstruction: Concepts and techniques. Gland Surgery, 10(1), 398–410. https://doi.org/10.21037/gs-20-380

Urban, C., Lima, R. S., Schunemann, E., Jr., Spautz, C. C., Rabinovich, I., Anselmi, K. F., et al. (2011). Oncoplastic principles in breast-conserving surgery. The Breast, 20(Suppl. 3), S92–S95. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-9776(11)70297-2

Salibian, A. A., Olson, B., Shauly, O., & Patel, K. M. (2022). Oncoplastic breast reconstruction: Principles, current techniques, and future directions. Journal of Surgical Oncology, 126(3), 475–488. https://doi.org/10.1002/jso.26952

Nahabedian, M. Y. (2018). Oncoplastic surgery of the breast. Clinics in Plastic Surgery, 45(1), 31–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cps.2017.08.001

Quinn, E. M., O’Ceallaigh, S., Highton, L., & Murphy, J. (2020). The use of local perforator flaps in delayed or secondary breast reconstruction. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery – Global Open, 8(12), e3263. https://doi.org/10.1097/GOX.0000000000003263

Kong, W., Wang, Z., Liu, Y., Pei, J., & Guo, F. (2026). The anterior intercostal artery perforator flap in immediate oncoplastic breast reconstruction: Current applications and future perspectives. Frontiers in Oncology, 16, Article 1765679. https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2026.1765679

Schmidt, G., Mayo, T., von Falkenhausen, A., Kiechle, M., & Müller, D. (2025). Local perforator flaps in oncoplastic breast surgery: Clinical applications of ICAP and TDAP flaps in reconstruction and complication management. Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde, 86(1), 45–55. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2708-5818

Angrigiani, C. (1995). The thoracodorsal artery perforator (TDAP) flap. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 96(3), 725–726.

Munhoz, A. M., Montag, E., Arruda, E. G., Aldrighi, C., Gemperli, R., Filassi, J. R., et al. (2011). Immediate conservative breast surgery reconstruction with perforator flaps: New challenges in breast cancer treatment. The Breast, 20(3), 233–240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.breast.2010.12.008

Hamdi, M., Van Landuyt, K., Blondeel, P., et al. (2004). Pedicled perforator flaps in breast reconstruction: A new concept. British Journal of Plastic Surgery, 57(6), 531–539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjps.2004.03.015

Tiwari, P., Thomas, B., & Hameed, M. (2023). LICAP versus TDAP for the reconstruction of partial breast defects. Indian Journal of Surgical Oncology, 14(Suppl. 1), 141–149. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13193-022-01612-9

Cordeiro, P. G. (2008). Breast reconstruction after surgery for breast cancer. The New England Journal of Medicine, 359(15), 1590–1601. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMct0802899

Blondeel, P. N., Van Landuyt, K. H., Monstrey, S. J., Hamdi, M., Matton, G. E., Allen, R. J., et al. (2003). The “Gent” consensus on perforator flap terminology: Preliminary definitions. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 112(5), 1378–1383. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.PRS.0000086735.01744.B6

Nahabedian, M. Y. (2009). Breast reconstruction: A review and rationale for patient selection. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 124(6), 1771–1782. https://doi.org/10.1097/PRS.0b013e3181bf7ea1

Hartrampf, C. R., Scheflan, M., & Black, P. W. (1982). Breast reconstruction with a transverse abdominal island flap. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 69(2), 216–225.

Kroll, S. S., Marchi, M., & McKinnon, W. M. (1992). Changes in abdominal wall strength after TRAM flap breast reconstruction. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 89(4), 679–684.

Allen, R. J., & Treece, P. (1994). Deep inferior epigastric perforator flap for breast reconstruction. Annals of Plastic Surgery, 32(1), 32–38.

Gill, P. S., Hunt, J. P., Guerra, A. B., et al. (2004). A 10-year retrospective review of 758 DIEP flaps for breast reconstruction. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 113(4), 1153–1160.

Allen, R. J., & Treece, P. (1994). Deep inferior epigastric perforator flap for breast reconstruction. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 94(4), 547–557.

Blondeel, P. N., & Boeckx, W. D. (1998). Refinements in free-flap breast reconstruction: The deep inferior epigastric perforator flap. Clinics in Plastic Surgery, 25(2), 167–177.

Blondeel, P. N., et al. (1999). The deep inferior epigastric perforator flap for breast reconstruction: A review of 10 years of experience. British Journal of Plastic Surgery, 52(4), 280–286.

Nahabedian, M. Y. (2019). Breast reconstruction: Principles and practice. Springer.

Neligan, P. C. (Ed.). (2018). Plastic surgery (4th ed.). Elsevier.

Hofer, S. O. P., Posch, N. A., Smit, X., et al. (2002). Abdominal wall complications following DIEP flap breast reconstruction. Annals of Plastic Surgery, 48(4), 347–353. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000637-200204000-00001

Mathes, S. J., & Nahai, F. (1997). Reconstructive surgery: Principles, anatomy & technique. Churchill Livingstone.

Rose, M., Svensson, H., Kindblom, M., et al. (2020). Oncoplastic breast surgery compared with standard breast-conserving surgery: Patient-reported outcomes. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, 181, 535–545.

Tian, R., Zheng, Y., Liu, R., Jiang, C., & Zheng, H. (2024). Efficacy and safety of oncoplastic breast-conserving surgery versus conventional breast-conserving surgery: An updated meta-analysis. The Breast, 77, Article 103784. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.breast.2024.103784

De La Cruz, L., Blankenship, S. A., Chatterjee, A., Geha, R., Nocera, N., Czerniecki, B. J., & Tchou, J. (2016). Outcomes after oncoplastic breast-conserving surgery: A systematic literature review. Annals of Surgical Oncology, 23(10), 3247–3258. https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-016-5313-1

Nyirády, L. E., Czébely-Lénárt, A., Hoferica, J., et al. (2026). Evaluating oncoplastic breast-conserving surgery: Oncological safety, risks, and satisfaction—A systematic review and meta-analysis. Scientific Reports, 16, Article 444. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-30062-w

Tian, R., Zheng, Y., Liu, R., Jiang, C., & Zheng, H. (2024). Efficacy and safety of oncoplastic breast-conserving surgery versus conventional breast-conserving surgery: An updated meta-analysis. The Breast, 77, Article 103784. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.breast.2024.103784

Pusic, A. L., Klassen, A. F., Scott, A. M., Klok, J. A., Cordeiro, P. G., & Cano, S. J. (2009). Development of a new patient-reported outcome measure for breast surgery: The BREAST-Q. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 124(2), 345–353. https://doi.org/10.1097/PRS.0b013e3181aee807

Cano, S. J., Klassen, A. F., Scott, A. M., et al. (2012). The BREAST-Q: Further validation in independent clinical samples. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 129(2), 293–302. https://doi.org/10.1097/PRS.0b013e31823aea65

Klassen, A. F., Lee, C. N., Morris, E., et al. (2011). Development and psychometric validation of the BREAST-Q augmentation module. Annals of Surgery, 253(2), 291–297. https://doi.org/10.1097/SLA.0b013e3181ffb0e3

Pusic, A. L., Reavey, P. L., Klassen, A. F., Scott, A. M., Cano, S. J., & McCarthy, C. (2012). Measuring patient outcomes in breast reconstruction: A systematic review of patient-reported outcome measures. Annals of Plastic Surgery, 69(5), 531–538. https://doi.org/10.1097/SAP.0b013e31826a49a3

Gardfjell, A., Dahlbäck, C., & Åhsberg, K. (2019). Patient satisfaction after unilateral oncoplastic volume displacement surgery for breast cancer, evaluated with the BREAST-Q™. World Journal of Surgical Oncology, 17, Article 96. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12957-019-1635-1

Stolpner, I., Heil, J., Riedel, F., Wallwiener, M., Schäfgen, B., Feißt, M., et al. (2021). Long-term patient satisfaction and quality of life after breast-conserving therapy: A prospective study using the BREAST-Q. Annals of Surgical Oncology, 28(13), 8742–8751.

Skinner, K. A., Silberman, H., Dougherty, R., et al. (2001). Breast cancer patients’ preferences for reconstruction. Annals of Surgical Oncology, 8(3), 208–217.

National Comprehensive Cancer Network. (2025). NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology: Breast Cancer (Version 3.2025). National Comprehensive Cancer Network. https://www.nccn.org/guidelines/guidelines-detail?category=1&id=1419

Clough, K. B., Kaufman, G. J., Nos, C., Buccimazza, I., & Sarfati, I. M. (2010). Improving breast cancer surgery: A classification and quadrant-by-quadrant atlas for oncoplastic surgery. Annals of Surgical Oncology, 17(5), 1375–1391. https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-009-0792-y

Cardoso, F., Kyriakides, S., Ohno, S., et al. (2019). Early breast cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Annals of Oncology, 30(8), 1194–1220. https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdz173

Taylor, C., & Ramirez, A. J. (2009). Quality of life following breast cancer treatment: A review. The Breast, 18(5), 255–264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.breast.2009.08.001

Eltahir, Y., Werners, L. L. C. H., Dreise, M. M., van Bommel, A. C. M., Jansen, L., Werker, P. M. N., & de Bock, G. H. (2013). Quality-of-life outcomes between mastectomy alone and breast reconstruction: A systematic review and meta-analysis. European Journal of Surgical Oncology, 39(11), 1170–1177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejso.2013.07.007

Runowicz, C. D., Leach, C. R., Henry, N. L., Henry, K. S., Mackey, H. T., Cowens-Alvarado, R. L., et al. (2016). American Cancer Society/American Society of Clinical Oncology breast cancer survivorship care guideline. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 34(6), 611–635. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2015.64.3809

Al-Ghazal, S. K., Sully, L., Fallowfield, L., & Blamey, R. W. (2000). The psychological impact of immediate rather than delayed breast reconstruction. European Journal of Surgical Oncology, 26(1), 17–19. https://doi.org/10.1053/ejso.1999.0736

Kronowitz, S. J., & Hunt, K. K. (2013). Immediate and delayed breast reconstruction after mastectomy. Surgical Clinics of North America, 93(2), 435–450. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.suc.2012.12.003

Losken, A., Hart, A. M., Broecker, J. S., Styblo, T. M., & Carlson, G. W. (2017). Oncoplastic breast reduction technique and outcomes: An evolution over 20 years. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 139(4), 824e–833e. https://doi.org/10.1097/PRS.0000000000003197

Rose, M., Svensson, H., Handler, J., Hoyer, U., Ringberg, A., Manjer, J., et al. (2020). Patient-reported outcome after oncoplastic breast surgery compared with conventional breast-conserving surgery in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, 180(1), 247–256. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-019-05557-2

National Comprehensive Cancer Network. (2025). NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology: Breast Cancer (Version 3.2025). National Comprehensive Cancer Network. https://www.nccn.org/guidelines/guidelines-detail?category=1&id=1419

World Health Organization. (2016). Global strategy on human resources for health: Workforce 2030. World Health Organization

European Society for Medical Oncology. (2023). Early breast cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines. European Society for Medical Oncology.

Downloads

Published

2026-09-28

How to Cite

Cupiał, A., Mieruszyńska , S., Mikołajczyk, J., Hawajski, A. . . ., Mielnicka, W., Nowak. , J., Sławińska, J., Szeidl, O., Kołodziejska, M., & Lewandowski, M. (2026). ONCOPLASTIC BREST SURGERY IN BREST CANCER TREATMENT: POSITIVE EFFECTS ON PATIENT WELL-BEING AFTER COMBINED ONCOLOGICAL AND PLASTIC SURGICAL PROCEDURES. International Journal of Innovative Technologies in Social Science, 5(3(51). https://doi.org/10.31435/ijitss.3(51).2026.6353

Most read articles by the same author(s)