THE ROLE OF EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES IN ANTI-AGING MEDICINE: FROM GUT MICROBIOME ANALYSIS TO PERSONALIZED SUPPLEMENTATION
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31435/ijitss.1(49).2026.5188Keywords:
Aging Biology, Anti-Aging Technologies, Aging Biomarkers, Biological Aging, Personalized Supplementation, GeroscienceAbstract
Aging is a complex, multifactorial biological process driven by interconnected molecular and cellular mechanisms, including genomic instability, mitochondrial dysfunction, chronic inflammation, cellular senescence, and alterations of the gut microbiome. Growing evidence from geroscience supports the concept that aging is not merely inevitable but can be modulated by targeted interventions acting on these core pathways. This review examines the role of emerging technologies in anti-aging medicine, with a particular focus on how advances in molecular profiling, gut microbiome analysis, artificial intelligence, and digital health are transforming the field toward precision-based strategies. We summarize current knowledge on key biological drivers of aging, including inflammaging, mitochondrial decline, and microbiome dysbiosis, and discuss their overlap with age-related diseases such as cancer, neurodegeneration, and metabolic disorders. Furthermore, we highlight technological innovations enabling the identification of biomarkers of biological age, development of immune and inflammatory aging clocks, and application of machine learning for personalized nutrition and supplementation. Special attention is given to individualized interventions involving dietary modulation, microbiome-targeted therapies, and bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, NAD⁺ boosters, spermidine, omega-3 fatty acids, and curcumin. Finally, we explore future directions, including computational drug discovery, synthetic biology–based microbiome engineering, and programmable digital health ecosystems. Together, these advances illustrate a paradigm shift from generalized anti-aging approaches toward integrated, data-driven, and personalized strategies aimed at extending healthspan and improving resilience to age-related disease.
Materials and Methods: A structured literature review was conducted using the PubMed database as the sole source of scientific evidence. Articles published within the last five years were included to ensure the use of up-to-date data relevant to the rapidly evolving field of anti-aging medicine. The search focused on peer-reviewed original studies, systematic reviews, and high-quality narrative reviews related to aging mechanisms, gut microbiome analysis, synthetic biology, digital health, wearable technologies, artificial intelligence, precision nutrition, and personalized supplementation strategies. Studies were selected based on relevance to the topic “The Role of Emerging Technologies in Anti-Aging Medicine: From Gut Microbiome Analysis to Personalized Supplementation”, scientific rigor, and translational applicability. Articles addressing molecular pathways of aging, microbiome modulation, biomarker-guided interventions, and technology-driven personalization approaches were prioritized.
References
Li, Y., Tian, X., Luo, J., Bao, T., Wang, S., & Wu, X. (2024). Molecular mechanisms of aging and anti-aging strategies. Cell Communication and Signaling, 22(1), 285. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12964-024-01663-1
DeVito, L. M., Barzilai, N., Cuervo, A. M., Niedernhofer, L. J., Milman, S., Levine, M., Promislow, D., Ferrucci, L., Kuchel, G. A., Mannick, J., Justice, J., Gonzales, M. M., Kirkland, J. L., Cohen, P., & Campisi, J. (2022). Extending human healthspan and longevity: A symposium report. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1507(1), 70–83. https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.14681
Espinoza, S. E., Khosla, S., Baur, J. A., de Cabo, R., & Musi, N. (2023). Drugs targeting mechanisms of aging to delay age-related disease and promote healthspan: Proceedings of a National Institute on Aging workshop. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A, 78(Suppl. 1), S53–S60. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glad034
Rosen, R. S., & Yarmush, M. L. (2023). Current trends in anti-aging strategies. Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering, 25, 363–385. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-bioeng-120122-123054
López-Otín, C., Blasco, M. A., Partridge, L., Serrano, M., & Kroemer, G. (2023). Hallmarks of aging: An expanding universe. Cell, 186(2), 243–278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2022.11.001
López-Otín, C., Pietrocola, F., Roiz-Valle, D., Galluzzi, L., & Kroemer, G. (2023). Meta-hallmarks of aging and cancer. Cell Metabolism, 35(1), 12–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2022.11.001
Li, X., Li, C., Zhang, W., Wang, Y., Qian, P., & Huang, H. (2023). Inflammation and aging: Signaling pathways and intervention therapies. Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, 8(1), 239. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-023-01502-8
Xu, X., Pang, Y., & Fan, X. (2025). Mitochondria in oxidative stress, inflammation and aging: From mechanisms to therapeutic advances. Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, 10(1), 190. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-025-02253-4
Bradley, E., & Haran, J. (2024). The human gut microbiome and aging. Gut Microbes, 16(1), 2359677. https://doi.org/10.1080/19490976.2024.2359677
Borrego-Ruiz, A., & Borrego, J. J. (2024). Influence of human gut microbiome on healthy and neurodegenerative aging. Experimental Gerontology, 194, 112497. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2024.112497
Ahmadi, S., Hasani, A., Khabbaz, A., Poortahmasbe, V., Hosseini, S., Yasdchi, M., Mehdizadehfar, E., Mousavi, Z., Hasani, R., Nabizadeh, E., & Nezhadi, J. (2024). Dysbiosis and fecal microbiota transplant: Contemplating progress in health, neurodegeneration and longevity. Biogerontology, 25(6), 957–983. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10522-024-10136-4
Amalaraj, J. J. P., Island, L., Ong, J. Y. Y., Wang, L., Valderas, J. H. M., Dunn, M., Chong, Y. S., Meij, J., & Maier, A. B. (2025). Towards precision geromedicine in Singapore. GeroScience, 47(5), 6399–6409. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-025-01686-7
Kroemer, G., Maier, A. B., Cuervo, A. M., Gladyshev, V. N., Ferrucci, L., Gorbunova, V., Kennedy, B. K., Rando, T. A., Seluanov, A., Sierra, F., Verdin, E., & López-Otín, C. (2025). From geroscience to precision geromedicine: Understanding and managing aging. Cell, 188(8), 2043–2062. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2025.03.011
Best, L., Dost, T., Esser, D., Flor, S., Gamarra, A. M., Haase, M., Kadibalban, A. S., Marinos, G., Walker, A., Zimmermann, J., Simon, R., Schmidt, S., Taubenheim, J., Künzel, S., Häsler, R., Franzenburg, S., Groth, M., Waschina, S., Rosenstiel, P., ... Kaleta, C. (2025). Metabolic modelling reveals the aging-associated decline of host-microbiome metabolic interactions in mice. Nature Microbiology, 10(4), 973–991. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41564-025-01959-z
Aging Biomarker Consortium et al. (2023). Biomarkers of aging. Science China Life Sciences, 66(5), 893–1066. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11427-023-2305-0
Yang, S., Song, J., Deng, M., & Cheng, S. (2025). Comprehensive analysis of aging-related gene expression patterns and identification of potential intervention targets. Postgraduate Medical Journal, 101(1193), 219–231. https://doi.org/10.1093/postmj/qgae131
Sayed, N., et al. (2021). An inflammatory aging clock (iAge) based on deep learning tracks multimorbidity, immunosenescence, frailty and cardiovascular aging. Nature Aging, 1(7), 598–615. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43587-021-00082-y
Duan, H., Pan, J., Guo, M., Li, J., Yu, L., & Fan, L. (2022). Dietary strategies with anti-aging potential: Dietary patterns and supplements. Food Research International, 158, 111501. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111501
Franzago, M., Alessandrelli, E., Notarangelo, S., Stuppia, L., & Vitacolonna, E. (2023). Chrono-nutrition: Circadian rhythm and personalized nutrition. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(3), 2571. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24032571
Stojić, V., Štrbac, T., & Stanimirović, A. (2023). New anti-aging strategies: A narrative review. Acta Dermatovenerologica Alpina, Panonica et Adriatica, 32(4), 159–164.
Liu, Y., et al. (2024). Dietary polyphenols as anti-aging agents: Targeting the hallmarks of aging. Nutrients, 16(19), 3305. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16193305
Nadeeshani, H., Li, J., Ying, T., Zhang, B., & Lu, J. (2022). Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) as an anti-aging health product: Promises and safety concerns. Journal of Advanced Research, 37, 267–278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jare.2021.08.003
Izadi, M., et al. (2024). Longevity and anti-aging effects of curcumin supplementation. GeroScience, 46(3), 2933–2950. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-024-01092-5
Yu, L., et al. (2024). Gut microbiota and anti-aging: Focusing on spermidine. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 64(28), 10419–10437. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2023.2224867
Hofer, S. J., et al. (2021). Spermidine-induced hypusination preserves mitochondrial and cognitive function during aging. Autophagy, 17(8), 2037–2039. https://doi.org/10.1080/15548627.2021.1933299
Poggioli, R., Hirani, K., Jogani, V. G., & Ricordi, C. (2023). Modulation of inflammation and immunity by omega-3 fatty acids. European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences, 27(15), 7380–7400.
Srour, L., et al. (2025). Deep aging clocks: AI-powered strategies for biological age estimation. Ageing Research Reviews, 112, 102889.
Theodore Armand, T. P., Kim, H.-C., & Kim, J.-I. (2024). Digital anti-aging healthcare. Journal of Personalized Medicine, 14(3), 254.
Abeltino, A., et al. (2025). Digital applications for diet monitoring and precision nutrition. Nutrition Reviews, 83(2), e574–e601.
Tana, C., et al. (2025). Smart aging: Integrating AI into elderly healthcare. BMC Geriatrics, 25(1), 1024.
Ok, S.-C. (2022). Insights into anti-aging prevention and diagnostic medicine. Diagnostics, 12(4), 819.
De Santis, K. K., et al. (2023). Digital technologies for health promotion in older people: Scoping review. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 25, e43542.
Bisht, A., Tewari, D., Kumar, S., & Chandra, S. (2024). Network pharmacology approach to anti-aging action of Tinospora cordifolia. Molecular Diversity, 28(3), 1743–1763.
Nisar, A., et al. (2025). The role of hypoxia in longevity. Aging and Disease. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.14336/AD.2024.1630
Arnold, J., Glazier, J., & Mimee, M. (2023). Genetic engineering of resident bacteria in the gut microbiome. Journal of Bacteriology, 205(7), e00127-23.
Borgoni, S., Kudryashova, K. S., Burka, K., & de Magalhães, J. P. (2021). Targeting immune dysfunction in aging. Ageing Research Reviews, 70, 101410.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Aleksandra Maria Tomaszewska, Karolina Magda Leszczyńska, Weronika Napierała, Alicja Maria Mitan, Maciej Tomasz Wieczorek, Karolina Julia Hak, Anna Krzysztofik, Jeremi Leon Jasiński, Karolina Krawczyk, Kamila Teresa Kańska
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
All articles are published in open-access and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). Hence, authors retain copyright to the content of the articles.
CC BY 4.0 License allows content to be copied, adapted, displayed, distributed, re-published or otherwise re-used for any purpose including for adaptation and commercial use provided the content is attributed.
How to Cite
