BURNOUT SYNDROME AMONG HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS: A NARRATIVE REVIEW OF EPIDEMIOLOGY, CLINICAL CONSEQUENCES, AND INTERVENTIONS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31435/ijitss.3(51).2026.6238Keywords:
Burnout; Patient Safety; Well-BeingAbstract
Background: Burnout is a syndrome arising from chronic, poorly managed workplace stress and is characterized by emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment. It is highly prevalent among healthcare professionals and has been recognized by the World Health Organization as an occupational phenomenon.
Aim: This narrative review summarizes current evidence on the epidemiology, risk factors, clinical consequences, and management of burnout among healthcare professionals, with particular attention to its impact on patient care and safety.
Methods: We reviewed recent international literature, including epidemiological studies, systematic reviews, and intervention trials addressing burnout in physicians, nurses, and allied health workers.
Results: Burnout affects a substantial proportion of healthcare workers, with reported prevalence exceeding 50% among physicians and approximately one-third among nurses. Frequently reported risk factors include excessive workload, long working hours, insufficient staffing, limited organizational support, and short sleep duration, whereas supportive work environments and individual resilience appear protective. Burnout is consistently associated with increased medical errors, reduced quality of care, lower adherence to safety protocols, and comorbid mental health problems. Organization-directed interventions are generally more effective than individual approaches alone, although combined strategies appear most beneficial.
Conclusions: Burnout is a prevalent occupational phenomenon with important consequences for both clinicians and patients. Effective mitigation requires system-level interventions addressing work organization and leadership, complemented by individual support, together with further research in underrepresented populations and settings.
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